Furthermore, we present a new and efficient way for human users to dynamically interact in the virtual world through their avatar. As a result, the object interactions are application independent and only a single scheme is required to handle all interactions in the virtual world. The idea is to construct a world using only collaborative interactive objects that contain their own interaction information. This work introduces a new general object inter-action scheme for dynamic collaborative virtual environments. Conclusions: Actually the LapLab simulation system has matured from a technological point of view, but still it represents just a starting point for a new generation of simulation systems able to give a real contribute to the education and training of the surgeons of tomorrow. by means of realistic simulations) new kinds of MIS instruments. Moreover, it also allows to test in safe conditions (i.e. Results: LapLab is a haptic simulator for MIS designed to improve and test the skill of surgeons. Methods: In this report, we present the LapLab (Laparoscopic Laboratory) device, an innovative laparoscopic training solution developed at the University of Bologna. Moreover, there is considerable interest in the development of haptic simulators for MIS even though the importance of force feedback remains poorly understood. New training devices, such as low fidelity bench trainers and virtual reality simulators, offer new ways for surgical training. Therefore, also surgical education is changing rapidly, although several factors, including budget constraints and medico-legal concerns, still limit opportunities for pediatric trainees. Background: Applications of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) techniques are quickly extending.
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